DevOps Most Asked Real Time Interview Question And Answer - Set 1

"DevOps isn't just about tools; it's a cultural shift towards collaboration and automation. Mastering the most asked real-time interview questions empowers teams to navigate this transformation seamlessly."{alertInfo}

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Question 1: Introduce yourself?

Hello! I'm a DevOps engineer, and my main goal is to make sure that software development and operations teams work smoothly together. I help in automating processes, managing infrastructure, and ensuring that the software runs smoothly in different environments.

Question 2: What are the roles and responsibilities?

As a DevOps engineer, my roles and responsibilities include collaborating with development and operations teams, automating processes using tools like Jenkins or Ansible, managing infrastructure using tools like Docker or Kubernetes, ensuring the security of the system, and monitoring system performance.

Question 3: What is RCA report? How do you prepare it? What things do we need to consider to create an RCA report?

RCA stands for Root Cause Analysis. It's a report that helps us understand why a problem occurred and what steps can be taken to prevent it from happening again. To prepare an RCA report, we gather data about the incident, analyze it to find the root cause, and then document our findings and recommendations. Some things to consider when creating an RCA report are collecting accurate data, involving all relevant stakeholders, and focusing on finding solutions rather than placing blame.

Question 4: You are the team leader and managing teams. You got an escalation from the client for any service issues, so how do you handle it?

When I receive an escalation from the client regarding a service issue, the first thing I do is gather all necessary information about the problem. Then, I coordinate with my team to quickly investigate and address the issue. I keep the client informed about our progress and work closely with them to find a resolution as soon as possible.

Question 5: What major challenge have you faced in your role and how did you handle it?

One major challenge I faced in my role was managing a complex migration of our infrastructure to the cloud. To handle it, I broke down the project into smaller tasks, collaborated closely with the team, and regularly communicated with stakeholders to address any issues or concerns.

Question 6: Why are organizations implementing DevOps?

Organizations are implementing DevOps because it helps them deliver software more quickly, reliably, and efficiently. By breaking down silos between development and operations teams, automating processes, and implementing continuous integration and continuous deployment practices, DevOps enables organizations to respond to market changes faster and deliver better products to their customers.

Question 7: Let's say you got one task in Jira, to complete that task what things do you need and from where can you collect it before implementing that?

Before implementing a task assigned in Jira, I would first review the task description to understand what needs to be done. Then, I would gather any necessary resources such as code repositories, documentation, or requirements from the project's shared folders or version control system. Additionally, I might consult with teammates or stakeholders to clarify any questions or concerns about the task.

Question 8: Explain the Production release process

The production release process involves deploying new changes or updates to the live environment where users interact with the software. Here's a simplified explanation of the process:

1. Planning: The release plan is created, outlining what changes will be included in the release and when it will occur.
2. Development: Developers work on implementing the changes or features planned for the release.
3. Testing: The changes are tested thoroughly in a staging or pre-production environment to ensure they work as expected and do not cause any issues.
4. Approval: Once testing is complete and the changes are verified, they are approved for release by relevant stakeholders.
5. Deployment: The approved changes are deployed to the production environment using automated deployment tools or manual processes.
6. Monitoring: After deployment, the production environment is closely monitored for any issues or abnormalities.
7. Rollback Plan: In case of any unforeseen issues, a rollback plan is prepared to revert the changes and restore the previous version of the software.
8. Post-Release Activities: Any necessary post-release activities such as updating documentation or notifying users about new features are completed.

Question 9: If my changes work fine on dev and test environments but not on prod, what could be the issues and how to fix it?

If changes work fine in development and test environments but not in production, there could be several reasons:

1. Configuration Differences: Production environment might have different configurations compared to dev/test. Ensure configurations are consistent across environments.
2. Dependency Issues: Production might be using different versions of dependencies. Ensure all dependencies are correctly installed and up to date in the production environment.
3. Resource Constraints: Production environment might have resource constraints such as limited memory or processing power. Optimize code and configurations to work efficiently in production.
4. Data Discrepancies: Production might have different data than dev/test. Ensure data consistency and integrity across environments.

To fix these issues, it's important to thoroughly analyze logs and error messages, compare configurations between environments, and perform testing in a staging environment that closely resembles production.

Question 10: What is the best way to design a 3-tier architecture, which services included and how to select services to design it?

A 3-tier architecture typically consists of three layers: presentation, application, and data layers.

1. Presentation Layer: This layer is responsible for presenting information to users and gathering user input. Services in this layer might include web servers, front-end frameworks (like React or Angular), and user interfaces.
2. Application Layer: This layer contains the business logic and application functionality. Services in this layer might include application servers, APIs, and middleware components.
3. Data Layer: This layer manages data storage and retrieval. Services in this layer might include databases (such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, or MongoDB) and data caching systems.

When selecting services for each layer, consider factors such as scalability, performance, security, and compatibility with existing systems. Choose services that meet the specific requirements of your application and can seamlessly integrate with each other. Additionally, consider using cloud services or managed solutions for easier scalability and maintenance.

Question 11: What are the strategies for infra cost optimization, and what actions will you take to reduce infra cost?

Cost optimization is all about getting the most out of your infrastructure while spending the least amount of money. Here are some beginner-friendly strategies:

1. Right-sizing resources: Ensure that your resources (like servers or databases) are appropriately sized for your workload. You don't want to pay for more than you need.
2. Implementing auto-scaling: Set up your infrastructure to automatically adjust resources based on demand. This means adding more resources when needed and scaling down during quieter times.
3. Using reserved instances or savings plans: These are purchasing options from cloud providers like AWS that can significantly reduce costs if you commit to using resources for a certain period.
4. Monitoring and optimization tools: Use tools like AWS Cost Explorer or third-party tools to analyze your spending patterns and identify areas for optimization.
5. Optimizing storage: Regularly review and clean up unused data or resources to avoid paying for storage you don't need.

By implementing these strategies, you can effectively reduce your infrastructure costs while still meeting your performance needs.

Question 12: How does auto-scaling work? Can you change AMI in an auto-scaling group?

Auto-scaling adjusts the number of instances based on demand. Yes, it's possible to change the AMI by updating the launch configuration or template associated with the auto-scaling group.

Question 13: How to track user actions in AWS, like resource creation or deletion?

AWS CloudTrail service can help track user actions by providing logs of API calls made within your AWS account.

Question 14: Difference between Latency Based Routing and Geo DNS?

Latency Based Routing directs traffic to the server with the lowest latency, while Geo DNS routes traffic based on the geographic location of the user.

Question 15: Difference between a Domain and a Hosted Zone?

A domain is a human-readable address for a website, while a hosted zone is a container for records that specify how DNS (Domain Name System) should route traffic for a domain.

Question 16: What components are created by default when creating a VPC?

When creating a VPC (Virtual Private Cloud), default components include a route table, a network ACL, and a security group.

Question 17: How to recover a stuck CloudFormation stack?

You can troubleshoot and recover a stuck CloudFormation stack by checking the event log for errors, identifying the problem, and then taking appropriate corrective actions.

Question 18: Use case of AWS Config service?

AWS Config service helps you assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of your AWS resources to ensure compliance with policies and detect configuration changes.

Question 19: How to track AWS cloud service changes?

AWS Config service can track changes to AWS resources over time, providing a detailed history of configuration changes.

Question 20: What is the use of DynamoDB?

DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database service provided by AWS. It is designed to provide fast and predictable performance with seamless scalability. It is often used for applications that require low-latency data access and flexible scaling.

Question 21: If you want to give someone temporary access for like 1 hr, how to configure that?

You can create temporary credentials using AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) with a time-limited session policy. This allows you to specify the duration for which the credentials are valid, ensuring temporary access for the desired time period.

Question 22: What is the difference between AWS managed policy and customer managed policy?

AWS managed policies are predefined policies created and managed by AWS. These policies are maintained by AWS and can be attached to multiple users, groups, or roles within your AWS account.

Customer managed policies, on the other hand, are policies created and managed by the customer. They provide more flexibility and control, allowing you to define custom policies specific to your organization's needs. These policies can also be attached to users, groups, or roles within your AWS account.

Question 23: How to handle large traffic in application load balancer?

To handle large traffic in an application load balancer, you can:

1. Configure auto-scaling to automatically add more instances to your application when traffic increases.
2. Implement caching mechanisms to reduce the load on your application servers.
3. Use content delivery networks (CDNs) to cache static content and distribute it closer to users.
4. Optimize your application code and database queries to improve performance under high load.

Question 24: What actions will you take immediately if you receive a notification from AWS about a potential account compromise or exposed credentials?

If notified about a potential account compromise or exposed credentials, immediate actions may include:

1. Changing the compromised credentials and enabling multi-factor authentication (MFA) for added security.
2. Reviewing recent account activity and logs to identify any unauthorized access or suspicious behavior.
3. Revoking any unauthorized access and tightening security settings, such as restricting access policies and permissions.
4. Notifying relevant stakeholders or authorities if necessary.
5. Conducting a thorough investigation to determine the root cause and implementing measures to prevent future incidents.

Question 25: If a database administrator mistakenly deletes data records from a database, how can you recover them, including deleted tables or specific records?

Recovering deleted data records from a database can involve several steps:

1. Check if backups are available: If regular backups are in place, you can restore the database to a previous state before the deletion occurred.
2. Use transaction logs or backups: Some database systems allow you to replay transaction logs or use point-in-time recovery to restore data up to a specific timestamp.
3. Check for database-level or table-level recovery options: Some databases offer features or tools for recovering deleted tables or specific records. This may involve restoring from backups or using built-in recovery mechanisms.
4. Consult database documentation or contact support: If unsure about the best approach for your specific database system, refer to the documentation or seek assistance from the database vendor's support team.

It's essential to act promptly to minimize data loss and ensure that recovery efforts are conducted carefully to avoid further disruption to the database environment.

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